Essay about Social Contract Theory - 1429 Words

The political world is one that impacts nearly every aspect of our day-to-day lives. Whether it be through its enforcement of laws, protection of the public, or use of taxpayer-raised monies to carry out its myriad tasks, the government makes a mark on its people. The actions of the government, while frequently ridiculed or vilified, are the result of the people themselves, operating within our system of government. So while many people may disapprove of the job Congress is doing or the direction the president is leading us in, the status quo remains the same. This is because our current state of affairs, however twisted and convoluted it may be, has been determined as a norm, and agreed to by a majority. In the following†¦show more content†¦Even though to Hobbes a government brings peace and lifts people out of a state of war, it requires citizens to hand over certain rights in pursuit of this peace. Once an authority figure has taken the role of ruler, through social cont ract, it becomes the norm. Hobbes’ theory does not allow and makes no exceptions for questioning or rebelling against the government. To simplify it, Hobbesian social contract theory places an emphasis on the importance of a government that takes rights from the people to provide services and run the government. It favors a large government, and does not place any real importance on the rights of those entering into the social contract with those in power. Instead, the power once given to the authority is irrevocable, leaving a dangerous opportunity for tyranny to develop. Lockes is a nice contrast to Hobbes’ political philosophy. It offers a response to the absolute power given to rulers in Hobbesian theory. This classical liberalism, meaning that it seeks to curb power, rejects the idea of an absolute ruler, and places high importance on personal rights and freedoms. While Locke and Hobbes are similar in that they acknowledge a chaotic state of nature, the way in whi ch each deals with that state of nature are vastly different. Locke recognizes that there will always be some people in a state of war, and that man alone cannot eradicate war from the earth. His theory obtains authority not from a single figure who wields absoluteShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Social Contract1709 Words   |  7 Pagesterms of contracts, and is furthered with the theory of social contract. Additionally, contractualism can be distinguished from Hobbesian contractualism (also known as contractarianism) and Kantian contractualism, whereby the former looks to contracts made by individuals of a society for the sake of personal gain and benefit, while the latter sees to contracts made by individuals of any given society that consider each other and themselves to be free and equal members of State. The theory of theRead MoreThe Social Contract Theory1357 Words   |  5 PagesThe social contract theory is the belief that people live in a society with an unwritten and soc ially accepted contract for a relationship between the people and their government. The people follow certain rules to protect themselves from violence and the like. The government in turn enforces those rules. In the absence of a social contract, the state of nature exists which citizens actions are governed by personal morals and beliefs. In any social contract people vest their rights to the authorityRead MoreThe Theories Of The Social Contract Theory1008 Words   |  5 Pagesapposite at this juncture to define what social contract connotes. Social contract is the voluntary agreement among individuals by which, according to any of various theories, as of Hobbes, Locke, or Rousseau, organized society is brought into being and invested with the right to secure mutual protection and welfare or to regulate the relations among its members. The social contract theory or model was originated during the age of enlightment. Social contract arguments typically posit that individualsRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Contract Theory2326 Words   |  10 Pages Social Contract Brian Horvath Cleveland State University Business Society Government The concept of social contract theory is that in the beginning man lived in the state of nature. They had no government and there was now law to regulate them. There are three main philosophers Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau that are best known for the social contract theory. In the twentieth century moral and political theory with John Rawls’ Kantian version of social contractRead MoreThe Theory Of The Social Contract Theory Essay2038 Words   |  9 PagesOn the formation of the Social Contract Theory has a long history, many people have formed Social Contract Theory has made a great contribution. Thomas Hobbes as one of the representatives of Modern Social Contract Theory, his departure from the theory of human nature, to a fictional state of nature as a starting point, put forward the basic principles of natural law, natural rights, and then through the Social Contract Theory, the establishment of his country theory. Thomas Hobbes certain extentRead MoreUtilitarianism And Social Contract Theory1476 Words   |  6 PagesMichelle VanDeren Moral and Political Philosophy June 11, 2016 Reflection Paper Utilitarianism and Social Contract Theory Part I: Utilitarianism in the Work Place While managing a law firm over the past 13 years one of the most consistent issues to deal with is office attire. We have hired numerous employees ranging from 20-30 years of age whose attire did not project a professional appearance. Some of the employees often wore jeans or shirts that clearly showed their tattoos or were too revealingRead MoreConceptions of the Social Contract Theory924 Words   |  4 Pagesown version of the social contract theory. The social contract theory is a treaty or an agreement that developed a set of laws, organized a functional society, and created the need to be governed. It was put into place when man realized that there was no law. Mankind eventually sought the desire for security and order. To receive security and order people shall voluntarily give up all their rights and freedoms and be obedient to some sort of authority. The social contract theory is made up of twoRead MoreThe Social Contract Theory Essay1249 Words   |  5 Pages1a. The Socia l Contract Theory According to the Social Contract Theory, it suggests that all individuals must depend on an agreement/ or contract among each person to form a society, in which they live in. The concept emphasizes authority over individuals, in other words, the social contract favors authority (e.g. the Sovereign) over the individuals, because men have to forfeit their personal right and freedom to the government, in exchange for protection and security, which I will further elaborateRead MoreWeaknesses Of Social Contract Theory928 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Contract theory is the idea that in the beginning people lived in the state of nature with no government and laws to regulate them. In order to overcome the issues involved in the state of nature, people entered into agreements to protect themselves and their properties. They did this by uniting, rescinding certain rights under the state of nature, and pledging themselves to an authority that will guarantee certain protections. They all agr ee to live together under those laws and create aRead MoreEssay On Social Contract Theory1950 Words   |  8 PagesIn this paper, I will prove that Social Contract Theory is a good philosophy to follow. Social Contract Theory allows society as a whole to function the best, has he most fairness for all people in a society and generates the greatest amount of happiness in society. Social Contract Theory was founded by Thomas Hobbs and was presented in his book the Leviathan in 1651. The theory is the idea that the people within a society all agree to act in a moral way to avoid the State of Nature, this way of

Race And Ethnic Identity Racial Identity - 1000 Words

1.0 RACE AND ETHNIC IDENTITY In many perspectives, racial identities mean the differences in appearances of individuals especially with regards to the color of skin. Racial identities are mostly determined genetically or biologically. This includes traits like hair, bone structure color of the eyes etc. In recent times the biological determination of race has been disputed by social scientists who also propounds that races have more fluid social contexts. On the other hand, ethnicity encompasses everything from a common language to a common heritage. Sometimes other things such as common food or diet may come into play. Travelling to the USA has been a good example of racial identity perception change because this has placed me in an†¦show more content†¦This quote has been a motivation to me every time I am faced with a new challenge in this environment. I soon came to realize that the USA embraces so many religions and has no national religion at all. Initially, I was in shock when I realized very few Americans attended church on Sundays, or better still, believed and practiced Christianity, especially when I had read in history books of how the USA was founded on Christian principles and even their dollar bills have a Christian quote on it. Now, I have become more open and indifferent to accepting the different religious opinions from those I hold. As a principle, I do not like to talk about religion in an academic and professional setting and mostly would ask for permission from my listeners before sharing my opinion on a seemingly controversial issue. 3.0 NATIONAL AND REGIONAL IDENTITIES Article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that â€Å"Everyone has the right to a nationality,† and â€Å"No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.† Accordingly, national identity has been related to the characteristic of a specific country which may include its traditions, language, and politics, whereas a regional identity refers to features of a specific geographical region. Coming from Africa, I relate to these several unique features as an African and a Ghanaian. I have held that I am aShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Race Ethnicity : An Exploration Of Asian, Black, Latino, And Multiracial Adolescent Identity Essay1047 Words   |  5 PagesImportance of race-ethnicity: An exploration of Asian, Black, Latino, and Multiracial adolescent identity Article source- Charmaraman, L., Grossman, J. M. (2010, April). Importance of race-ethnicity: An exploration of Asian, Black, Latino, and Multiracial adolescent identity. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16(2), 144-151. doi: 10.1037/a0018668 (a) Contextual information about the purpose/intention of this study: Throughout the history of United States, race has been one ofRead MoreRace Construction Essay1335 Words   |  6 PagesEthnology Draft Racial constructions in the United States beyond white and black Race construction in the United States has been socially constructed since the founding of the republic. Racial differences and the development of various ethnic identities have been affected by the rigidity of racial categories in the United States, these include American Indian or Alaskan Native, black or African American, Native Hawaiian or other Asian Pacific Islander, and white. The racial divide in the UnitedRead MoreEthnic And Racial Identity During Adolescence Into Young Adulthood855 Words   |  4 PagesThe peer reviewed article â€Å"Ethnic and Racial Identity During Adolescence into Young Adulthood: An Integrated Conceptualization† is a well written article on the struggle that people of color face when coming face to face with their identity in social situations. Umana-Taylor, Quintana, Lee, Cross, Rivas-Drake, Schwartz and Seaton (2014) analyzed ethnic and racial identity or ERI and how it relates to important developments and issues from early childhood well o n into young adulthood. They workedRead MoreCultural Identity And Ethnic Identity1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe models of cultural identity share most of the same mutual characteristic but the experiences each individual endure in life will have the individual thinking about their belief. The cultural identity is the individuality or feeling of belonging. When thinking about a Native American understanding the racial and ethnic identity of an individual is important part of that individual. Racial and ethnic identity is a contribution to complete understanding the Native American. For some mainlyRead MoreRace, Religion, Social Class, And Ethnicity1274 Words   |  6 Pagesall guided by how you identify. Identification in one’s gender, race, religion, social class, and ethnicity are all driving forces behind your future self. Identity is a crucial part of who you are, and in recent studies and experimentation researchers have been trying to identify new, untested factors that influence behavior in people. Although, in the past there hasn’t been a strong focus on the positive and negative effects of race and ethnicity, the conversation is now shifting to align itselfRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie1131 Words   |  5 Pages2DG-40 December 4th, 2015 Identity Crisis in The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian Almost all teens experience some sort of an identity crisis. They struggle with finding a clearer sense of themselves. Arnold Spirit Jr., a 14-year-old reservation Indian, faces an identity crisis when he leaves his reservation to go to school in Reardan, a town inhibited by white people. To begin, Arnold moves between different settings, and when he does, there is a change in his identity. Moreover, there is aRead MoreEthnic Identity And Racial Identity866 Words   |  4 PagesEthnic identity remains one of the most extensively studied topics in the social sciences. The book â€Å"Studying Ethnic Identity† provides insight into the dynamic process that goes into the formation of ethnic-racial identity by psychological researchers. Ethnic and racial identity is a subject that is important to study because it has been associated with positive well-being, psychological distress, and academic attitudes (Rivas-Drake, Syed, et al, 2014; Smith Silva, 2011). Past research has tried Read MoreThe Pros and Cons of Ethnic Identification Essay914 Words   |  4 Pagesforeign one. From this movement of migration have emerged many ethnic groups. An ethnic group is a restraint number of persons living in a larger society and sharing the same distinct cultural heritage. Some people tend to bury their habits and accommodate to the new way of life. However others hold on to their identity and try to identify their race and maintain it. This enriches societies and makes them multi-racial. Therefore, every ethnic group is essential to complete the mosaic. Although they areRead MoreEthnic Variability Of Hispanic Latino936 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis of the Ethnic Variability of the Latino/Hispanic Group in the United States Census (112) The historical development of ethnic categorization as a distinct concept from race in the U.S. Census was defined through the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in October 1997. This criterion was meant to discern between biological/genetic factors and the ethnic aspects of Latino/Hispanic identity as part of this governmental decree: â€Å"The racial and ethnic categories set forth in the standardsRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Class1128 Words   |  5 PagesAnother factor that affects identity is social class. The Marxism assumption is that socio-economic position is a fundamental element to shape identity. People are not individuals, but part of a class. The Marxist ideology is that of â€Å"false consciousness†, this meaning that some classes, the lower, working class, are not aware of the position they have to society. As a result, this is why they often work in jobs that are underpaid. Some Marxist theorists believe that class identity is procreated in culture

Incompatible legislation and Human Rights in the UK Free Essays

Introduction First of all, much debate in the United Kingdom amongst commentators and some judges in relation to the human rights are currently being generated. The amalgamation of the European convention on human rights was introduced by Tony Blair (prime minister of the United Kingdom from the 2nd of May to the 27th June 2007) who led the government in 1998, and more importantly it was known as Human Right Act 1998. The EuropeanCourtofHumanRightsin Strasbourg is a national court, formed by the European Convention on Human Rights, which provides legal remedy of final alternative for persons who feel that their human rights have been desecrated by a contracting party to the Convention. We will write a custom essay sample on Incompatible legislation and Human Rights in the UK or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition, I would like to state that it is against the law for public authorities to act contrary to the convention rights. Parliamentary Sovereignty which has however been elemental to the constitution of England and Wales since the 17th century had an important role when it came to the realization of the incorporation of the European Court of Human Right (ECHR) into the United Kingdom law but the convention rights come into force through an Act of Parliament. Second of all, The Human Right Act section 6 also states that public authorities including courts must take actions attuned with definite Convention Rights as enforced in the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). Meanwhile, the Human Rights Act empowers the judiciary courts to interpret both delegated and primary legislations which is very well incompatible with the Convention Rights. Incompatibility under section 4 of the European Court of Human Right only comes in place when the domestic legislation is in conflict with the ECHR, interestingly it does not affect the validity of the legislation and the right to legislate contrary to the human rights are kept because no one can override any law at all which is made by the parliament, for an incompatible legislation to be set aside and stop to exist some amendments have to e made by the parliament. Incompatible legislation will have to go through the parliament for amendment and scrutiny. There would have been a massive entrenchment on the citizens’ individual human rights because protective mechanism would not have taken place within this period as was in the case of GC C v Commissioner of Police for Metropolis. This is an arbitrary policy which fails to permit consideration of personal factors and it as well permits imprecise custody of samples received in state of affairs where neither of the claimants have been accused of any offence or convicted of any offence. Although section 54 of the Police and Criminal Justice Act 2001 Section 82, which was amended states that fingerprints and DNA samples can be retained and used for the purposes related to the prevention and detention of crime investigating offences or conducting persecutions. Furthermore, Public authorities have a defence if legislation requires them to act the way they did in section 6(2), this was shown in the GC C v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis [2010] EWHC 2225, through the policy which the Chief Constable of police officers adopted, in cognizance to retain biometric samples, DNA and fingerprints for an unlimited period like was explained above, and it infringes individual rights. Lastly, the introduction of the Human Rights Act is a development which is very well welcome because of its protection of individual convention rights. European Court of Human Right laws are not merged automatically into the United Kingdoms’ law simply because the United Kingdom is a dualist state unlike many continental European countries, which are ‘monist’. In dualist states a treaty ratified by the Government does not change the laws of the state except and until it is incorporated into national law by legislation. Until incorporating legislation is put to force, the national courts have no authority to put into effect treaty rights and obligations both on behalf of the Government or a private human being. Parties agree to secure these rights and freedoms to everyone within their jurisdiction. The Convention also establishes international enforcement machinery. To ensure the observance of the activities undertaken by the Parties, the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg has been set up; it deals with individual and inter-State petitions. At the demand of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, the Court may also give advisory opinions with reference to or pertaining the interpretation of the Conventions and the protocols thereto. Under the European Communities Act 1972 (ECA) Parliament willingly gave effect to the United Kingdoms’ obligations and duties under the previous Community and now European Union Treaties in national law. The European Community Act (ECA) defines the legitimately certified or legal relationship amid the two if not separate spheres of law, and exclusive of it European Union law could not become part of national law. Most of the Contracting Parties to the European Convention on Human Rights have included the Convention into their own national legal orders, either through constitutional provision, statute or judicial decision. Coupled with the access of force of Protocol No. 11, has radically improved the status of Convention rights, and the impact of the case law of European Court of Human Rights. In conclusion, the laws cannot be changed because of GC C v Commissioner of Police for Metropolis because a law made is a law to be kept and followed. It cannot be made flexible or easily amended at any given time because if it did there would not be any respect for the law and that would make the law be easily influenced which is not good for a country or state. Human Rights in the United Kingdom are not being fully protected but despite that fact the court has however being able to protect individual rights just like in the case of R v The Head Teacher and Governors of Denbigh High School [2006] UKHL 15, where the Court of Appeal and the House of Lords was In favour with shabina Begum. Bibliography: Le Sueur, A., Sunkin, M., Murkens, J.E.K., ‘Public Law: Text, Cases and Materials’, (Oxford University Press: New York 2010) Le Sueur, A. Sunkin, M., ‘Public Law’, (Addison Wesley Longman Limited: New York, 1997) How to cite Incompatible legislation and Human Rights in the UK, Essay examples

Dream destinations free essay sample

St Augustine once said, The world is a book and those who do not travel read only one page. This quote suggests that each and every one of us should travel and see the outside world rather than just ours. Many people dont really see the point of travelling, and the most common excuse is its a waste of time; money or its scary to travel to places that are too far away. People dont recognize the importance and outlook in travelling. Its very essential to educate ourselves and know the countries around us and the different cultures and traditions. One of the principal values of travelling is that, it breaks the monotony of life and work. Talking about dream destinations, first on my list is London. It is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. We will write a custom essay sample on Dream destinations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page London is the most populous region, urban zone and area in the United Kingdom. Londons buildings are too diverse to be characterized by any particular architectural style. There, you can see the Big Ben clock tower which was completed in 1858; the famous red telephone box which is a familiar sight on the streets of the United Kingdom and the double-decker bus which was said to be the best way to see London. Also, a sight to behold is the Buckingham Palace which is the official residence of the British monarch. Conclusion: Thus, travelling has tremendous educative, informative and social life. It widens peoples mental horizon, improves health, adds thrill and relaxation to life, dispels boredom and helps national integration. Therefore I suggest that educational tours should become an integral part of modern education.